11. Trade and Other Receivables

	Notes	31-Dec-24 €’000	31-Dec-23 €’000
Trade receivables		28,889	31,354
Unbilled consumption		69,564	54,239
Amounts due from related parties	25	27,369	27,189
Customer refund programme receivables from Government	25	12,932	12,956
Connections refund programme receivables from Government	25	6,283	404
Other receivables		3,914	5,095
Sub-total		148,951	131,237
Prepayments		19,919	32,898
Total		168,870	164,135
Non-current		-	-
Current		168,870	164,135
Total		168,870	164,135

Trade and other receivables are stated net of expected credit losses and are classified in the financial statements as current or non-current in accordance with their expected realisation. Refer to note 1 for an assessment of the critical judgements and estimates applied. Refer to note 25 for further detail in respect of balances with related parties.

Impairment of trade receivables and allowance for expected credit losses

There is no material concentration of credit risk as the Company’s trade receivables consist of amounts due from a large number of non-domestic customers, spread across diverse industries.

The credit terms for non-domestic customers varies by Local Authority region, ranging up to 45 days. The Company has been restricted from changing these credit terms, but will work to align these as part of the overall process to harmonise non-domestic tariffs. The credit risk on trade receivables is managed through the proactive monitoring and management of trade receivable balances. Following the migration of the non-domestic debtors from 31 Local Authorities in 2017, the Company now has full visibility and control on all aspects of the credit and collection activity. The Company’s credit collection team, actively manages accounts in arrears through customer follow up. The Company is continuing to develop and enhance its credit risk management practices.

The Company has a number of other receivable balances due from Local Authorities, the Government and other related parties. The Company actively engages with the Local Authorities on a regular basis. The Company believes it has minimal credit risk arising from its operational transactions with Local Authorities and the Government.

The Company writes off a trade receivable where there is information indicating that the debtor is in severe financial difficulty and there is no realistic prospect of recovery e.g. when the debtor has been placed into liquidation or has entered into bankruptcy proceedings. This process is subject to robust internal governance as noted below. None of the trade receivables that have been written off are subject to enforcement activities.

The ageing of trade and other receivables is set out below. The Company had no receivables that were past due and not impaired.

	Gross carrying amount	Allowance for expected credit losses	Net receivable	Gross carrying amount	Allowance for expected credit losses	Net receivable
	31-Dec-24 €’000	31-Dec-24 €’000	31-Dec-24 €’000	31-Dec-23 €’000	31-Dec-23 €’000	31-Dec-23 €’000
Not past due	128,696	(14,190)	114,506	109,999	(14,606)	95,393
1-365 days overdue	68,572	(37,208)	31,364	70,537	(38,584)	31,953
>1 year	79,359	(76,278)	3,081	82,402	(78,511)	3,891
Total	276,627	(127,676)	148,951	262,938	(131,701)	131,237

The following table shows the movement in the allowance for expected credit losses for trade receivables:

	2024 €’000	2023 €’000
At 1 January	(131,701)	(135,961)
Impairment of trade receivables	(19,525)	(16,449)
Allowance utilised	23,550	20,709
At 31 December	(127,676)	(131,701)

Prior to 2017, and in line with the agreed Service Level Agreements, the Local Authorities, acting as agents for the Company, billed and collected non-domestic trade receivables on the Company’s behalf. In 2017, the Company completed the migration of non-domestic billing processes of the 31 Local Authorities, thus bringing all aspects of water services management for billing and revenues under the Company. The period since the migration of non-domestic billing processes is relatively short, thus and as noted previously, the Company is continuing to develop and enhance its credit risk management practices.

The company has developed a robust set of credit risk management practices. The Company’s policy is to write off debt only when the customer is no longer using our service and the Company has fully exhausted all enforcement activities. This process is subject to review and approval by the Company’s Credit Committee and adherence to internal governance procedures. There has been limited quantum of non-domestic debtor write offs to date. Owing to these factors, application of the Company’s accounting policy for recognising expected credit losses on trade receivables has resulted in an allowance for expected credit losses of 56% of its gross non-domestic trade receivables being provided for at 31 December 2024 (2023: 60%). The charge for expected credit losses in respect of non-domestic receivables, recognised by the Company in 2024, represents 7% of non-domestic revenue recognised in 2024 (2023: 7%). Refer to note 1 for an assessment of the critical judgements and estimates applied.